Understanding High Sensitivity – a brief summary

Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS)¹ is the official term for the Highly Sensitive Person, which is a trait found in 20-30% of the population, characterised by deep information processing, increased emotional reactivity, ease of overstimulation, and heightened awareness of subtle environmental changes. 

This concept extensively researched was developed by Dr. Elaine Aron and Arthur Aron in 1997 in there groundbreaking work. They developed the Highly Sensitive Person scale that provides a framework for understanding the unique characteristics, challenges, and strengths associated with high sensitivity.

The Science Behind Sensitivity

Dr. Aron’s research identifies high sensitivity as a temperament trait known scientifically as Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS ). Unlike sensory disorders, SPS reflects a deeper processing of stimuli, both external and internal. Functional MRI studies reveal that HSPs have heightened activity in areas of the brain related to awareness and empathy, such as the insula and mirror neuron systems.

Characteristic shared by High Sensitive People:

• Process deeply - They reflect deeply on information and experiences.
• Be easily overstimulated - A busy or noisy environment can quickly overwhelm them.
• Have strong emotional reactivity- They experience emotions more intensely, both positive and negative.
• Possess heightened empathy - They are attuned to others' emotions and nonverbal cues.

These traits are believed to have an evolutionary advantage, as heightened sensitivity may have benefited group survival by promoting vigilance and social harmony.

Recognizing HSP Characteristics

HSPs often find themselves highly attuned to their surroundings, noticing subtleties that others might overlook, such as changes in tone or mood. However, this sensitivity also means they may struggle with:

• Overwhelm in busy environments - Crowded spaces, loud noises, or multitasking can quickly drain their energy.
• Intense emotional responses - Constructive criticism or witnessing suffering may feel particularly impactful.
• Sensitivity to physical stimuli - Bright lights, strong smells, or rough textures might cause discomfort.

Despite these challenges, HSPs also bring significant strengths to their personal and professional lives, including creativity, conscientiousness, and an ability to foster deep connections.

Coping Strategies and Support

Understanding and embracing high sensitivity is key to thriving as an HSP. Dr. Aron emphasizes the importance of self-care and boundary-setting to prevent overstimulation and burnout. Effective strategies include:

1. Creating a calm environment - Prioritize quiet spaces and time to recharge.
2. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques - Practices such as meditation or yoga can help regulate stress.
3. Healthy boundaries - Learn to say no and protect your emotional energy.
4. Supportive relationships - Surround yourself with people who respect and understand your sensitivity.
5. Reframing sensitivity as a strength - Recognize the value you bring through empathy, insight, and creativity.

The Importance of Awareness

Dr. Aron’s work has been instrumental in normalizing high sensitivity and dispelling myths that label HSPs as overly emotional or weak. Her research underscores the need for societal understanding of this trait, particularly in fostering environments where sensitivity is valued rather than stigmatized. For example, workplaces can benefit from accommodating HSPs with flexible schedules or quieter workspaces, while schools can support highly sensitive children by promoting kindness and reducing overstimulation.

Conclusion

High sensitivity is not a disorder but a natural variation of human temperament that offers both challenges and profound strengths. Dr. Elaine Aron’s research sheds light on the rich inner worlds of HSPs, helping them understand their unique traits and teaching society to appreciate their contributions. By embracing sensitivity and implementing supportive strategies, HSPs can lead fulfilling, impactful lives while enriching the world around them.

References and other resources

¹Aron, E. (1997). The highly sensitive person: How to thrive when the world overwhelms you. New York: Broadway Books.

References: Note: Website sources and links were correct and working when retrieved, 31 January 2025.

Elaine Aaron Website for article and books https://hsperson.com
New insight on YouTube by Dr Elaine Aron https://www.youtube.com/@elainearonph.d.4047
Research and testing tools via https://sensitivityresearch.com/
Podcast from the Highly Sensitive Academy https://www.highlysensitivehumans.com/highlysensitivepeoplepodcast